This project directly addressed the need for comprehensive and widespread information on spring hydrology in Wisconsin to assess impacts of high-capacity wells on spring flow rates and to characterize the susceptibility of certain spring types to impacts as a result of groundwater drawdown.

The original proposal outlined a plan to survey gold course in Wisconsin regarding their water use, identify opportunities for improving water use efficiency from the survey data, and then conduct detailed water use analysis of four golf courses.

Culture-based microbiology methods have been used to determine potability of drinking water since the beginning of the 20th century. The detection of coliform bacteria in well water is an indicator of potential human fecal contamination and therefore the possible presence of disease causing organisms.

In Wisconsin the widespread use of the herbicide atrazine has led to the presence of atrazine and it's metabolites in some groundwaters. One of the metabolites, diaminoatrazine, is of particular interest because it is reported to pose a greater health threat (to those drinking the water) than the other metabolites.

Guidance for disinfection of domestic wells in arsenic-sensitive areas of Wisconsin calls for a treatment at 20 percent of the chlorine strength and 10 percent of the contact time recommended for non-arsenic impacted wells.

Ninety eight groundwater samples from water utilities from around the state of Wisconsin were analyzed for uranium activity (U-234, U-235, and U-238), thorium activity (Th-228, Th-230, Th-232), radium activity (Ra-226 and Ra-228), polonium-210 activity (Po-210)