This research was a pilot study examining exurban housing development, on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), and private well-water quality in an unincorporated and unsewered area of Ozaukee County, Wisconsin.

This report summarizes data and information gathering activities that supported groundwater management in the Wisconsin central sands for the period July 2016 through June 2017.

Confirming the presence and determining the source(s) of fecal contamination to water is critical to protect human health and environmental quality.

The Central Sands of Wisconsin is a 64,000 km2 region with relatively flat topography encompassing six counties. It has a mantle of coarse-grained Pleistocene glaciofluvial and lacustrine sediment, which overlies crystalline rock and sometimes sandstone.

This research explores sources and risk factors of nitrate contamination in private wells in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin. Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound found in groundwater, but also has anthropogenic sources.